Adjusted Goodness Of Fit Index Research Articles

TRADITIONAL AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE BELIEFS INVENTORY IN ADULTS: A METHODOLOGICAL STUDY

Aims: This study was conducted to establish the Turkish validity and reliability of the Complementary and Alternative Medicine Beliefs Inventory (CAMBI) used to measure adults' beliefs about complementary and alternative medicine practices. Methods: The study was designed as a methodological study. The population of the study consisted of individuals receiving services from a family health center in Ankara. The sample consisted of 354 individuals who agreed to participate in the study and met the inclusion criteria. Descriptive statistics (number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum) of the data obtained in the study were calculated. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were conducted to test validity. The reliability of the scale was assessed through item-total correlation, item analysis, Cronbach α, and test-retest correlation. Results: The results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed that there is only one factor with an eigenvalue above 1, explaining 73.11% of the total variance. Additionally, fit indices obtained from the results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis yielded a χ2/df fit index of 3.214, a Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) of 0.079, a Comparative Fit Index (CFI) of 0.901, and an Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index (AGFI) of 0.854. The Cronbach’s α value of the scale in our study was 0.97. Conclusion: The adapted Turkish version of the 16-item scale has been determined to be a measurement tool that adheres to validity and reliability criteria. It serves as an assessment instrument usable by healthcare professionals to evaluate adult individuals' beliefs regarding complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) methods.

Development and validation of the perceived symptom manageability scale among people living with the human immunodeficiency virus

Background“Perceived Symptom Manageability (PSM)” is essential in symptom management among people living with HIV. As a standardized assessment instrument was lacking, we developed a PSM scale for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PSM-HIV).MethodsData analysis was performed using the sample from HIV-designated medical institutions (N = 540). Psychometric testing, namely reliability and validity, is assessed by unidimensionality, internal consistency, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling.ResultsThe final version of the PSM- HIV scale contained 15 items. This scale was submitted to a principal components analysis with varimax rotation, and three factors were obtained, explained by a total variance of 63.10%. The three factors were named Cognitive-Behavioral, Affective Interaction, and Self-Attitude. The results show that the scale had high reliability, Cronbach’s α of the scale ranged from 0.71 to 0.92, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was 0.88. The structural equation model supports a factor model with the acceptable fit (χ2/df (CMIN/DF) = 2.50, Root Mean square Residual (RMR) = 0.03, Goodness-of-Fit Index (GFI) = 0.93, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) = 0.90, Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.93, Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.96, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.96). The average variance extracted was 0.38 ∼ 0.59, and the composite reliability was 0.70 ∼ 0.91, indicating that the convergent validity of the scale is acceptable. Subjects with different stages of the disease reached significance(χ2 = 9.02; df = 2, P<0.05), meaning moderate Known-Groups Comparison Validation.ConclusionsThe PSM-HIV scale is a valid instrument that measures overall attitude and belief about controlling or coping with HIV-relevant symptoms.

Validity arguments for creating a short motivation scale through adaptation of the Japanese motivated strategies for learning questionnaire

Background The coronavirus disease pandemic has substantially altered the mode of medical education, transitioning it from in-person to online. Online learning requires a strong motivational foundation to support self-directed studying. In our previous study, an adapted 31-item Japanese motivation measurement scale using the motivational section from the Japanese version of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (J-MSLQ) was developed. The present study aimed to collect evidence on the validity of the motivation section of the J-MSLQ and clarify whether further revision was necessary. Methods The motivation section of the J-MSLQ comprises a seven-point Likert scale survey containing 31 items. Of 127 fourth-year Japanese medical students invited to participate, 112 responded. Confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed using R and R studio for all data analysis. Results The initial SEM model that incorporated all 31 items exhibited inadequate goodness of fit metrics: χ2 = 823.674 (p &lt; 0.001), the comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.786, the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.093, the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.112, the goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.664, and the adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) = 0.602. We optimized the scale by eliminating 12 items with a Z test statistic &lt; 10. Improvements in the goodness of fit metrics of the optimized SEM model were observed, demonstrating moderate model fit: χ2 = 205.602 (p &lt; 0.001), CFI = 0.929, RMSEA = 0.080, SRMR = 0.063, GFI = 0.837, AGFI = 0.768. Conclusions A compact 18-item version of the motivation scale was developed and validated, which alleviated the respondent burden and enabled the researchers to collect data in a shorter time.

Effects of sleep quality on pain, cognitive factors, central sensitization, and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain.

Sleep quality in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) may affect quality of life (QoL), possibly due to worsening pain, central sensitization (CS), and cognitive factors. However, causal relationship among the factors has not been confirmed yet. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that sleep quality in patients with CLBP is attributable to pain, cognitive factors, and CS, and influences QoL, by structural covariance analysis. This is a cross-sectional study. Participants were recruited from six health care facilities and 101 patients with CLBP were included. Structural covariance analysis assessed the fit of data to the model using goodness of fit index (GFI), adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI), comparative fit index (CFI), and mean squared approximation error (RMSEA). The structural covariance analysis showed that the goodness-of-fit indices were high (GFI = 0.993, AGFI = 0.964, CFI = 1.00, RMSEA < 0.01). Sleep quality was not directly influenced by QoL but rather by CS and cognitive factors. This study suggests that sleep quality in patients with CLBP is indirectly mediated through multiple pathways, including cognitive factors and CS, which may influence QoL.

Validation of the Chinese version of academic goals orientation questionnaire in nursing student: a study based on SEM and IRT multidimensional models

ObjectiveTo translate the Academic Goals Orientation Questionnaire (AGOQ) into Chinese and to determine the validity and reliability of the (AGOQ) in Chinese nursing students based on SEM and IRT multidimensional models.MethodsThe participants were 654 nursing students with an age range of 17–26 years (mean age 21.61 ± 1.73 years). The psychometric properties of AGOQ were investigated based on a dual analytical perspective of structural equation modeling (SEM) and item response theory (IRT).ResultsThe Cronbach’s α value of the questionnaire is 0.895. A four-factor model was obtained by exploratory factor analysis, which explained the variance of 71.892%. With confirmatory factor analysis, a new four-factors model was built and showed an acceptable goodness-of-fit, chi-square/degree of freedom (CMIN/DF) = 4.008, goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.932, adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) = 0.905, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.952, incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.952, Tucker Lewis index (TLI) = 0.941. In the analysis part of IRT, according to the comparison between Akek’s information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC), we choose the Graded Response Model (GRM) for analysis. The results show that the difficulty value is monotonically increasing, and the discrimination of all items is greater than 0.19, which shows that 16 items can be retained.ConclusionsThis study tested the psychometric characteristics of AGOQ of nursing students in China. The results confirmed that the Chinese version of AGOQ has good psychometric characteristics and can be used to measure the academic goal orientation of nursing students in China.

Translation and validation of an Urdu version of the Vaccine Attitudes Examination (VAX) scale

Abstract Introduction Despite being one of the most effective methods of preventing the spread of communicable diseases1, vaccination has been subjected to criticism. Several scales have been formulated that were used to document attitudes towards vaccination. However, they either focus on parental attitudes towards children’s vaccinations or are targeted towards an individual’s attitude towards a specific vaccine. A scale that could document an individual’s attitude about vaccinations in general was developed by Martin and Petrie2. Aim The study aimed to translate and validate an Urdu version of the Vaccine Attitude Examination (VAX) scale in a selected Pakistani sample. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted for a month (Sept. 2021) in an outpatient department of a healthcare facility in Karachi, Pakistan. All adult men and women, as well as their caregivers (≥ 18 years), who visited the clinic, spoke Urdu as their first language, and were eligible for COVID-19 vaccine were invited. Convenience sampling method was selected, and sample size calculation was based on an item response ratio of 1:20. An Urdu version of the VAX scale was developed. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 23. The reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha (α) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated. The model fitness was evaluated through IBM AMOS version 25. It done carried out using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reporting of fit indices, namely goodness of fit index (GFI), adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI), Tucker Lewis index (TLI), comparative fit index (CFI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). The scale was considered as reliable if Cronbach’s (α) was &amp;gt;0.7. Model fitness was considered acceptable if most fit indices were in acceptable ranges3, i.e., GFI, TLI, CFI &amp;gt; 0.9 and RMSEA &amp;lt; 0.6, as well as p value &amp;lt; 0.05. This study was granted ethical clearance by the Institutional Review Board of Tabba Heart Institute, Karachi, Pakistan (Reference# THI/IRB/FQ/22-09-21/017). Results A total of 211 responses were analysed. The reliability of the scale, i.e., Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.821, and remained the same, i.e., &amp;gt; 0.8 during item deletion. CFA using a 4-factor model revealed the following values for fit indices; GFI = 0.944, TLI = 0.953, CFI = 0.966, and RMSEA = 0.051 (p value = 0.008). Discussion/Conclusion Although a very small scale study, the findings suggest that the Urdu version of VAX scale is reliable and a valid instrument for use in an Urdu speaking population. The scale showed good internal consistency and acceptable model fitness. The use of convenience sampling and being conducted at a single site may affect the generalisability of the results. However, this was the first time the VAX Urdu version was made available for an Urdu speaking population. It is hoped that the attitudes toward vaccines that are measured by the Urdu VAX will provide valuable information as public health officials and others work to improve vaccine uptake. Availability of the Urdu version will enable clinicians to assess the Urdu speaking persons’ attitude towards general vaccination including COVID-19 vaccination.

Development and validation of teachers’ psychological empowerment scale in Ethiopian context

The low motivations of teachers in Ethiopia reflect the psychological deempowerment of teachers. Thus, developing a scale is required to know exactly the empowerment level of teachers. Therefore, this study aimed at developing and validating a psychological empowerment scale in the Ethiopian context. The data were gathered from two different groups of 720 teachers (300+420) from 83 schools using a questionnaire. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) results discovered four dimensions with a total variance of 69.685%. To know the fitness of the instrument in this study, the researcher carried out confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with the LISREL 8.7 program with 420 participants. RMSEA (RootMean Square Error of Approximation) = .065 level, GFI (Goodness of Fit Index) = .93, adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) = .90, incremental fit index (IFI) = .98, relative fit index (RFI) = .96, non-normed fit index (NNFI) = .98 and comparative fit index (CFI) = .98. These values depict the good fitness of the model. Regading reliability, Cronbach’s alpha for goal internalization. Meaning, influence, and competence dimensions were 0.87, 0.842, 0.777, and 0.789, respectively. Total Cronbach’s alpha was .904. For this scale, the Average Variance Extracted and Combined Reliability are more than .7. Thus, the findings revealed that the psychological empowerment Scale, consisting of four dimensions and 15 items, was a valid and reliable instrument in Ethiopian school settings.

Analyzing the Critical Factors in Aircraft Maintenance That Affect Low-Cost Airlines in Thailand

This study offers an in-depth examination of salient factors pivotal to aircraft maintenance management. Through a rigorous statistical methodology, critical variables—namely, flexibility, cost control, and service quality and delivery—were discerned as cardinal elements in efficacious management within this domain.The constructed model demonstrated formidable statistical validity, solidifying its utility as a potent instrument for both evaluation and strategic guidance within the aviation milieu. The relative weights ascribed to each variable shed light on their hierarchical significance, furnishing actionable insights for organizations in their quest for operational enhancement. For the rigorous scrutiny and validation of such statistical models, a repertoire of goodness-of-fit indices is paramount. To this end, the current study leveraged a myriad of indices including the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), Normed Fit Index (NFI), Incremental Fit Index (IFI), and Root Mean Square Residual (RMR).Nonetheless, it is prudent to recognize the potential variances in the weightages and salience of these variables across diverse organizational landscapes and contexts. This underscores the necessity for bespoke adaptations to cater to unique organizational exigencies. Cumulatively, this investigation augments the existing corpus of knowledge on aircraft maintenance management, proffering a robust quantitative scaffold for aviation entities to streamline operations, institute cost efficiencies, and uphold service excellence.

Translation and validation of the Sindhi version of the general medication adherence scale in patients with chronic diseases.

Background: There is no medication adherence scale available in Sindhi language currently. Hence, the Sindhi speaking population will either use a translator or provide their medical history in another language for documentation of medical conditions. This poses a challenge in monitoring and evaluating adherence to medications within this linguistic community. Aim: The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Sindhi version of the General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS-S) in patients with chronic diseases. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 4 months duration and was conducted in out-patient department of a university affiliated hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. All adults with chronic diseases, who were on long-term medications, and able to read and understand Sindhi language were invited. Convenience sampling was employed and a questionnaire consisting of demographic questions and the Sindhi version of GMAS was used. The translation of the scale was carried out. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted, and a structural equation model (SEM) was developed. Fit indices, namely, goodness of fit index (GFI), adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI), Tucker Lewis index (TLI), comparative fit index (CFI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were reported. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha (α), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), corrected item-to-total correlation (ITC) and item deletion. Data were analysed through IBM SPSS version 23 and IBM AMOS version 25. The study obtained ethical clearance. Results: A total of 150 responses were analysed. The reliability of the Sindhi version of GMAS was (α) = 0.696. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was reported at 0.696 (95% CI: 0.618-0.763). The values for the fit indices were as follows: χ2/df = 1.84, GFI = 0.918, TLI = 0.920, CFI = 0.942, AGFI = 0.864, and RMSEA = 0.075. All values except AGFI were in the acceptable ranges and indicated good fitness. Most participants (80.7%) appeared non-adherent to their medications. Conclusion: The results of the study demonstrate that the Sindhi version of the GMAS is a valid and reliable scale to measure adherence in Sindhi speaking persons with chronic diseases.

The translation process of the culturally sensitive active aging scale for community-dwelling older adults in Pakistan

BackgroundThe assessment of active aging levels in Pakistani older adults is crucial yet; research tools are scarce in the local language. Therefore, this study aims to translate and validate the English version of an Active Aging Scale into a cross-culturally sensitive Urdu version to assess active aging levels in Pakistani older adults.MethodsTo translate and validate the scale, we used the ISPOR (International Society for Pharmacy Economic and Outcome Research) standards. Reliability, concurrent validity, construct validity, convergent validity, and discriminatory validity were checked on a total sample of 160 community-dwelling older adults. After two weeks, the test–retest reliability was examined. AMOS version 23 and SPSS version 23 were used to analyze the data.Results The average content validity index for clarity was 0.91 and relevancy was 0.80. The total variance in the pilot study of all items secured > 0.3 variances except for two items scored < 0.30 that were omitted before the validity and reliability test. The remaining items explained 65.46% of the overall variation and had factor loadings ranging from 0.46 to 0.90 in the principal factor analysis (PFA). The confirmatory factor analysis of the Active Aging Scale revealed that the model fit was good with a Chi-square value (418.18 (DF = 2.2) which is less than 3.00. This is further evidenced by the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.042, goodness of fit index (GFI) of 0.92, adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) of 0.94, and comparative fit index (CFI) values of 0.92 and 0.96 (unstandardized and standardized, respectively). The scale’s Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.88, indicating dependability and its test–retest reliability with the significance of (P. < 0.05).ConclusionThe Urdu version of the Active Aging Scale was successfully translated and validated in a culturally sensitive manner, and can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of various active aging interventions for older adults in Pakistan.

Structural equation modelling of work related musculoskeletal disorders among dumper operators

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of personal factors, habitual factors, and work-related factors on work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) among dumper operators. In total, 248 dumper operators working in an iron ore mine were considered for this study. A questionnaire was developed and administered to collect dumper operators' personal, habitual, and work-related data. The reliability of the questionnaire was cross-checked by Cronbach alpha and the test–retest method. The values of Cronbach alpha for all latent variables were above 0.7, and the correlation coefficient of the questionnaire items at Time 1 and Time 2 was above 0.82. After verifying the validity (i.e., convergent and divergent) of the questionnaire data, the relationship between the factors under consideration was examined by structural equation modeling (SEM). The SEM demonstrated a moderate fit, with frac{{upchi }^{2}}{df} value of 1.386, comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.86, goodness-of-fit index (GFI) of 0.72, adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI) of 0.69, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) of 0.83, normed fit index (NFI) of 0.71 and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.051. The SEM analysis revealed a positive relationship between WRMSDs and personal factors (with path coefficient = 0.313 and p < 0.05) as well as work-related factors (with path coefficient = 0.296 and p < 0.05). However, the relationship between WRMSDs and habitual factors was not statistically significant (with path coefficient = 0.142 and p > 0.05). Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the factors that influence the prevalence of WRMSDs among dumper operators. The findings highlight the significance of personal and work-related factors by which one can make a positive decision to prevent and reduce the incidence of WRMSDs among dumper operators.

Psychometric properties of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale based on Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) models among Chinese front-line healthcare workers

BackgroundSince March 2022, the COVID-19 epidemic has rebounded widely and frequently in China. Healthcare workers have faced grand challenges such as soaring COVID-19 patients, being busy with the nucleic acid screening of all the populations in the epidemic areas every day, and testing positive for COVID-19, all of which contributed to anxiety easily according to the Conservation of Resources theory. However, anxiety among healthcare workers is not only associated with personal health but also adversely affects the quality of health services. Therefore, it is crucial to search for suitable tools to monitor the anxiety related to COVID-19 among healthcare workers. The current study aimed to test the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) in Chinese healthcare workers.MethodsThe current study employed a cross-sectional design. The CAS was translated into Chinese. Then, according to Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) models, the psychometric properties of the Chinese version were measured among 811 healthcare workers.ResultsThe split‐half reliability was 0.855. The Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.895. The retest coefficient was 0.901 with 10 days as the retest interval. The content validity index was 0.920. In exploratory factor analysis, one common factor was extracted and explained 72.559% of the total variance. All item load values on the common factor ranged from 0.790 to 0.885, and the communality of each item ranged from 0.625 to 0.784. With confirmatory factor analysis, the single factor model showed an excellent goodness-of-fit, chi-square/degree of freedom (χ2/df) = 3.339, goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.992, adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) = 0.975, root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.054, root mean square residual (RMR) = 0.005, incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.967, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.932, and comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.966. The multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed the invariance measuring anxiety of COVID-19 was in similar ways across ages, hospital degrees, and professional titles. With convergent validity, the CAS was positively correlated with post-traumatic stress disorder (r = 0.619, P < 0.001), fear of COVID (r = 0.550, P < 0.001), and depression (r = 0.367, P < 0.001). According to IRT models, the results showed that all item discrimination parameters were higher than 1.70 and difficulty parameters ranged from 1.13 to 2.83.ConclusionThe Chinese version of CAS has good psychometric properties in healthcare workers after China adjusted the COVID-19 management measures during the COVID-19 Omicron epidemic, and can be used for assessing the anxiety associated with COVID-19 in Chinese healthcare workers.

Compilation and evaluation of gastrointestinal endoscopy satisfaction scale.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. The satisfaction degree of gastrointestinal endoscopy can directly affect the patient's compliance and further impact the treating effect. At present, there is no scale to evaluate the satisfaction degree of gastrointestinal endoscopy in China. This study aims to develop a satisfaction scale of gastrointestinal endoscopy suitable for national conditions and to evaluate its reliability and validity, which provides a tool for clinic to evaluate patients' satisfaction with gastrointestinal endoscopy. The original gastrointestinal endoscopy satisfaction scale was compiled by literature review, consulting senior endoscopists and experts. Through the first round of survey about 120 patients, the original scale was analyzed and modified according to the results to get the gastrointestinal endoscopy satisfaction scale (formal scale). The formal scale was used to conduct the second round of survey about 200 patients. The reliability and validity of the scale were analyzed and evaluated according to the survey results. The reliability of the original scale was good but the validity was poor. The formal scale had 2 dimensions and 10 items, the Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability were 0.889 and 0.823. The structure validity index χ2/df was 2.513, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.094, goodness of fit index (GFI) was 0.914, adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) was 0.861, comparative fit index (CFI) was 0.946, normed fit index (NFI) was 0.915. The aggregate validity was general, the discriminative validity was good, and the direct score of patients was strongly correlated with the total score of the scale. The gastrointestinal endoscopy satisfaction scale has good reliability and validity, which can be used as a tool to evaluate patients' satisfaction with gastrointestinal endoscopy in China.

A Confirmation Factor Analysis of the Potential Level Scale for Halal Tourist Sites in Lower Songkhla Lake

This research aims to examine the coherence between the potential levels of halal tourist attractions in the lower Songkhla lagoon area for Muslim tourists with empirical data. The sample consisted of 400 Muslim tourists. This research used questionnaire to collect the data which had a confidence value of Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha with a confidence value of 0.960. The researchers analyzed the structural validity of the potential levels about halal tourist attractions around the lower Songkhla lagoon for Muslim tourists by analyzing the second corroborative component using a statistical computer program.  The second corroborative component analysis revealed that the potential levels of Halal Tourist Sites in the Lower Songkhla lagoon consisted of 6 components of equal importance with component weights of 0.78, 0.84, 0.83, 0.93, 0.90, and 0.87. The results of checking the consistency of the empirical component model found that the chi-square statistic is 391.24 at 259 degrees of freedom, the probability is 0.00, the relative chi-square statistic is 1.51, the Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) is 0.93 and the Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) is 0.90, the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) is 0.99, the Root Mean Square Residual (RMR) is 0.02 and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation: RMSEA) is 0.04, which indicates that the potential levels of halal tourist attractions in the lower Songkhla lagoon area for Muslim tourists consistent with the empirical data and it consists of 6 components: Accessibility, Environment, Tourism Management, Facilities, Value, and Response.

Development and Validation of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire for Community Pharmacy Personnel in Tuberculosis Case Detection, Drug Monitoring, and Education: A Study from Indonesia.

Validated and standardized structured questionnaires based on psychometric analysis are extremely limited, particularly for assessing community pharmacy personnel's knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) in tuberculosis (TB) case detection, drug monitoring, and education. We, therefore, developed and validated a questionnaire to assess the KAP of community pharmacy personnel in TB case detection, drug monitoring, and community education. This study was conducted in two phases. First, we developed the questionnaire, which included framework development, item generation, individual item content validity index (I-CVI), item screening, and pre-testing. Second, we validated the questionnaire with 400 participants using various analyses, including participant analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI), comparative fit index (CFI), non-normed fit index (NNFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). We determined the reliability test using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability using Pearson's correlation. In the development phase, we defined 63 items that comprised 18 sociodemographic, 18 knowledge, 18 attitude, and 9 practice items. Across the 63 items, the I-CVI scores of sociodemographic and KAP items were one each. The CFA model parameter values were X2/df= 2.28; AGFI = 0.95; CFI = 0.99; NNFI = 0.98; RMSEA = 0.06; and SRMR = 0.03 (p < 0.05 for all). Cronbach's alpha coefficients of KAP items were 0.75, 0.91, and 0.95, respectively. The test-retest reliability coefficients of KAP were 0.84, 0.55, and 0.91, respectively (p < 0.01). This study indicates that the developed questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the KAP of community pharmacy personnel for TB case detection, drug monitoring, and community education in Indonesia. Community pharmacy personnel can support TB notification and treatment by assessing their prospective roles in surveys using this questionnaire, enabling TB eradication in 2030.

(327) The Masturbatory Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (MPEDT): A Novel Psychometric Tool to Evaluate Premature Ejaculation During Masturbation

Abstract Introduction Premature ejaculation (PE) is a highly prevalent male sexual dysfunction. Its current definition, together with the most used diagnostic tools, does not include non-vaginal sexual intercourse such as anal sex, self-masturbation and/or partnered-masturbation, and other forms of sexual stimulation. However, diagnostic psychometry currently available is exclusively evaluating PE in the vaginal coitus. Objective To validate a new tool, the Masturbatory Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (MPEDT), by assessing the control over ejaculation and its psychological effects during self-masturbation, rather than heterosexual vaginal intercourse. Methods We studied 135 male patients aging from 18 to 40 years seeking medical care for PE in the Infertility and Sexual Medicine Department from June to September 2020. All the participants were asked to fill the PEDT and MPEDT questionnaires to estimate the PE symptoms during, respectively, intercourse and self-masturbation. The reliability/validity, the factor analysis of the tool, and the diagnostic sensitivity/specificity of MPEDT were calculated. Results The overall Cronbach alpha was 0.884. In our adjusted model, both RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) and SRMR (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual) were lower than 0.08, while Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI), Non-Normed Fit Index (NNFI), and Comparative Fit Index (CFI) were higher than 0.9. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) is 0.943±0.015. The results suggest MPEDT points being ≤5 as “normal”, ≥7 as “PE during self-masturbation” and 6 as “suspected PE”, with the sensitivity of 91.9% and specificity of 88.1%. Conclusions An efficient diagnostic psychometric tool is needed for the individuals who, based on the impaired control over ejaculation during self-masturbation, may also suffer from PE during partnered intercourse. MPEDT is able to evaluate the existence of PE symptoms not necessarily during heterosexual intercourse but rather during self-masturbation, possibly aiding to the diagnosis, as well as planning and follow-up of a prompt therapeutical strategy. MPEDT could be considered a new, objective and reliable diagnostic tool for the evaluation of the existence of PE symptoms. Disclosure No

A three-dimensional Oral health-related quality of life framework for temporomandibular joint disorders: A structural analysis of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14

Objectivesthe objective is to analyze the structure and relationship between the components of the Oral health-related quality of life using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) for patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD). Methodstwo studies were examinated by means of factor analysis, multidimensional scaling and their spatial display in a cross-sectional design (n = 153). Resultsthree-dimensional solutions with an adequate fit were found: residual distribution, root mean square of residuals (RMSR) = 0.04, Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.96, and Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) = 0.93; and Stress I = 0.023, respectively. The overall ordinal alpha coefficient was 0.92 (CI=0.90 to 0.94). The ordinal alpha coefficients for functional impact, psychosocial impact and psychological impact factors were 0.87 (CI=0.84 to 0.90), 0.88 (CI=0.84 to 0.91) and 0.78 (CI= 0.72 to 0.83), respectively. Item 9 was the most central, followed by 7 and 11. Items 1 and 2 had minor associations. There was no evidence of differences between centers: edge weight differences (M = 0.226, p = 0.94), global strength invariance test (S = 1.88, p = 0.1), centrality invariance test (p >0.05), edge invariance test (p >0.05). Conclusionsthe links between the dimensions and the items seem to involve psychological components. Oral health-related quality of life emerged as a three-dimensional structure (Functional Impact, Psychosocial Impact and Psychological Impact) of functional and psychosocial elements in which physical, psychological, and social disability were essential, while theoretical functional limitation was least important. Clinical significancethe three-dimensional OHRQoL system for temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a worthwhile alternative to interpret psychological and psychosocial aspects.

Development of a Japanese Scale that Evaluates the Level of Nursing Support Provided to Patients for Decision-Making in Cancer Clinical Trials.

Clinical nurses need learning programs that are useful in nursing support for patients' decision-making (NSPDM) regarding cancer clinical trials (CCTs). The usefulness of the learning program can be evaluated if the practices of NSPDM before and after participation in the learning program can be compared. We developed a scale to measure the level of self-assessed NSPDM regarding participation in a CCT. Thirty-two items of scale were developed in Japanese based on previous literature. Based on the results of a pilot study, items with similar meanings were removed and the validity of the 26 scale items was statistically examined in terms of construct validity and reliability. The study population was clinical nurses and included clinical research nurses. We received 102 valid responses from clinical nurses. Based on the bias of the boxplot distribution and the ceiling and floor effects for the items analysis of the 26-item draft scale, 17 items remained. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed that the scale consisted of three subscales and 17 items. Regarding fit indices of the model, the goodness-of-fit index (GFI), adjusted GFI (AGFI), comparative fit index (CFI), and root mean square error of application (RMSEA) were 0.775, 0.704, 0.477, and 0.081, respectively. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the overall scale was 0.951, with subscales ranging from 0.820 to 0.942. The validity and reliability of this scale were acceptable. This scale may be helpful to evaluate the usefulness of learning programs, i.e., the practice level of NSPDM.

Developing the modified 4-item version of perceived stress scale for functional dyspepsia

BackgroundTo develop the modified 4-item version of Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) with a better reliability and validity than the 4-item version of PSS (PSS-4) in evaluating psychological stress in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). The present study also aimed to explore the correlation between dyspepsia symptoms severity (DSS), anxiety, depression, somatization, quality of life (QoL), and psychological stress assessed by two approaches in FD.MethodsA total of 389 FD patients who met the Roman IV criteria completed the 10-item version of the PSS (PSS-10), and 4/10 items were selected by five methods, such as Cronbach’s coefficient, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), correlation coefficient, discrete degree, and item analysis, to develop the modified PSS-4. The reliability and validity of the modified PSS-4 and the PSS-4 were compared by internal consistency, EFA, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The correlation between psychological stress assessed by two approaches and DSS, anxiety, depression, somatization, and QoL was explored by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsCronbach’s α coefficient of the modified PSS-4 and the PSS-4 was 0.855 and 0.848, respectively, and a common factor was extracted. The cumulative contribution rate of one factor to the overall variance for the modified PSS-4 and the PSS-4 was 70.194% and 68.698%, respectively. The model used for the modified PSS-4 showed that the values of the goodness-of-fit index (GFI) and the adjusted GFI (AGFI) were 0.987 and 0.933, respectively, indicating that the model fitted well. Psychological stress was correlated to DSS, anxiety, depression, somatization, and QoL as assessed by the modified PSS-4 and PSS-4. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that psychological stress was correlated to somatization, as assessed by the modified PSS-4 (β = 0.251, P < 0.001) and PSS-4 (β = 0.247, P < 0.001). Psychological stress, DSS, and somatization were correlated to QoL, as assessed by the modified PSS-4 (β = 0.173, P < 0.001) and the PSS-4 (β = 0.167, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe modified PSS-4 showed better reliability and validity, and psychological stress had a greater effect on the somatization and QoL of FD patients assessed by the modified PSS-4 than PSS-4. These findings were helpful for further investigation of the clinical application of the modified PSS-4 in FD.

Psychological Climate and Employee Engagement at Workplace

Objectives: To determine the relationship between drivers of psychological climate and employee engagement considering the workforce who are a part of IT industries in Mysuru and Bengaluru region in India. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey method was adopted for obtaining the required data. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Structural Equation Modelling were adopted for examining and analyzing the data. Data was elicited through 445 respondents having their career in various IT industries in Mysuru and Bengaluru region between May 2022 to September 2022. Findings: Structural Equation Modelling analysis reveals that, the fit indices values were admissible. The model fit indices values that were recorded are: Chi- Square Statistics (CMIN/DF) = 2.845; Goodness of Fit index (GFI) = 0.982; Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) = 0.937; Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.963; Tucker – Lewis’s Index (TLI) = 0.900; Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.962; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.073. The prominent drivers of Psychological Climate were identified as - Cooperative Work Environment (CWE); Supervisor Facilitation and Support (SS); Job Training and Support (JT) and Organizational Regulations (ROP). The identified factors resulted to have a relationship with Employee Engagement. Novelty: The important drivers of Psychological Climate essential at workplace were identified. The research outcome provides insight for the business managers to significantly focus on the psychological climate factors perceived by employees and build a better working environment. Keywords: Psychological Climate; Employee Engagement; Business Enterprises; Workforce; Structural Equation Modelling